MODUL 8 : PAST PERFECT
Apakah Anda tahu cara menggunakan frasa seperti They'd finished the project by March atau Had you finished work when I called? Uji apa yang Anda ketahui dengan latihan interaktif dan bacalah penjelasan untuk membantu Anda.
Lihatlah contoh-contoh berikut ini untuk melihat bagaimana bentuk lampau digunakan.
- He couldn't make a sandwich because he'd forgotten to buy bread.
- The hotel was full, so I was glad that we'd booked in advance.
- My new job wasn't exactly what I’d expected.
Penjelasan
tata Bahasa
Time up to a point in the past
Kita menggunakan past perfect simple (had + past participle) untuk membicarakan waktu hingga titik tertentu di masa lalu.
- She'd published her first poem by the time she was eight.
- We'd finished all the water before we were halfway up the mountain.
- Had the parcel arrived when you called yesterday?
Past perfect for the earlier of two past actions
Kita bisa menggunakan past perfect untuk menunjukkan urutan dua kejadian di masa lampau. Bentuk lampau sempurna menunjukkan tindakan yang lebih awal dan bentuk lampau sederhana menunjukkan tindakan yang lebih akhir.
- When the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
Tidak masalah dalam urutan mana kita mengatakan kedua peristiwa tersebut. Kalimat berikut ini memiliki arti yang sama.
- The thief had escaped when the police arrived.
Perhatikan bahwa jika hanya ada satu kejadian, kita tidak menggunakan bentuk lampau sempurna, meskipun kejadiannya sudah lama sekali.
- The Romans spoke Latin.
(NOT
The Romans had spoken Latin.)
Past perfect after before
Kita juga dapat menggunakan before + past perfect untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan tidak dilakukan atau belum selesai ketika tindakan sederhana lampau terjadi.
- They left before I'd spoken to them.
- Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series.
Adverbs
Kita sering menggunakan kata keterangan already (= 'before the specified time'), still (= as previously), ever (= 'at any time before the specified time'), just (= 'a very short time before the specified time') atau never (= 'at no time before the specified time') dengan bentuk lampau.
- I called his office but he'd already left.
- It still hadn't rained at the beginning of May.
- I went to visit her when she'd just moved to Berlin.
- It was the most beautiful photo I'd ever seen.
- Had you ever visited London when you moved there?
- I'd never met anyone from California before I met Jim.
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